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Heart Rate 101

Understanding the fundamentals of heart rate monitoring

5 min readLast updated: March 15, 20241.2K views
Dr. Sarah Harris
Dr. Sarah Harris
Cardiologist & Health Tech Advisor
Heart Rate 101

Your heart rate is one of the most important vital signs that can tell you about your health and fitness level. Understanding and monitoring your heart rate can help you optimize your workouts, manage stress, and identify potential health concerns early.

What is Heart Rate?

Heart rate, or pulse, refers to the number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm). Each beat represents one complete cardiac cycle, where your heart contracts and relaxes to pump blood throughout your body.

Key Terms to Know

Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
Your heart rate when you're completely at rest, typically measured first thing in the morning. Normal range: 60-100 bpm
Maximum Heart Rate (MHR)
The highest your heart rate can safely go during exercise. Estimated as 220 minus your age
Heart Rate Reserve (HRR)
The difference between your maximum and resting heart rates, used to calculate training zones

Factors Affecting Heart Rate

Several factors can influence your heart rate:

Physical Factors

  • • Age and gender
  • • Physical fitness level
  • • Body position
  • • Air temperature and humidity
  • • Body temperature

Lifestyle Factors

  • • Stress and emotions
  • • Sleep quality
  • • Caffeine and alcohol
  • • Medications
  • • Time of day

How to Measure Your Heart Rate

There are several reliable methods to measure your heart rate:

Manual Method

Find your pulse on your wrist or neck and count beats for 15 seconds, then multiply by 4

Heart Rate Monitor

Use a chest strap or wrist-based device for continuous monitoring

Smartphone Apps

Impulse Heart Rate Monitor is available on the App Store. It uses your phone's camera to measure heart rate.

Understanding Heart Rate Zones

Your heart rate zones are calculated as a percentage of your maximum heart rate:

  • 50-60%: Recovery zone - Perfect for warm-up and cool-down
  • 60-70%: Fat burning zone - Ideal for building base fitness and burning fat
  • 70-80%: Aerobic zone - Improves cardiovascular fitness
  • 80-90%: Anaerobic zone - Increases performance speed
  • 90-100%: Maximum effort - For short intervals only

Benefits of Heart Rate Monitoring

Exercise Optimization

Track workout intensity, ensure proper recovery, and achieve optimal training results

Health Insights

Monitor cardiovascular health, detect anomalies, and track fitness improvements

Stress Management

Understand stress levels, improve recovery, and maintain better work-life balance

When to Contact a Doctor

While variations in heart rate are normal, you should consult a healthcare provider if you experience:

  • Consistently high resting heart rate (above 100 bpm)
  • Consistently low resting heart rate (below 60 bpm) with symptoms
  • Irregular heartbeats or palpitations
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Dizziness or shortness of breath
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Disclaimer

The information provided in this article is for informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your doctor or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding your health or a medical condition. Never disregard or delay seeking professional medical advice because of something you have read in this article.